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Turin is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont. The city is mainly on the western bank of the Po River, below its Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga hill.
The city was historically a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865.
It is well known for its Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, and Art Nouveau architecture.
Many of Turin's public squares, castles, gardens, and elegant palazzi, such as the Palazzo Madama, were built between the 16th and 18th centuries.
A part of the historical centre of Turin was inscribed in the World Heritage List under the name Residences of the Royal House of Savoy.
